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SULTAN MARSHES
Sultan Marshes (Sultan Sazlıgı) is a large wetland complex and one of the seven Ramsar Sites of Turkey and an important bird area that hosts many globally threatened bird species. Over 300 bird species have been recorded in the area. Sultan Marshes is located within the province of Kayseri on the eastern border of the Anatolian plateau (38o.05 - 38o.40 north, 35o.00 - 35o.35 east). It is located at the centre of the Develi closed basin. The basin is surrounded by Mount Erciyes (3916 m) to the North, Develi Mountain (2074 m) to the East, Toros Mountains (Aladaglar) (3373 m) to the South and Karadag-Hodul Mountains (1937 m) to the West. The elevation of the plain is between 1070 m and 1150 m with an average slope of 2%. Develi Plain has an area of approximately 800 km2 and a catchment area of 3190 km2
Sultan Marshes (Sultan Sazlıgı) is a large wetland complex and one of the seven Ramsar Sites of Turkey and an important bird area that hosts many globally threatened bird species. Over 300 bird species have been recorded in the area. Sultan Marshes is located within the province of Kayseri on the eastern border of the Anatolian plateau (38o.05 - 38o.40 north, 35o.00 - 35o.35 east). It is located at the centre of the Develi closed basin. The basin is surrounded by Mount Erciyes (3916 m) to the North, Develi Mountain (2074 m) to the East, Toros Mountains (Aladaglar) (3373 m) to the South and Karadag-Hodul Mountains (1937 m) to the West. The elevation of the plain is between 1070 m and 1150 m with an average slope of 2%. Develi Plain has an area of approximately 800 km2 and a catchment area of 3190 km2
Typical continental climate prevails in the Develi closed basin. Summer months are dry and hot. The temperature difference between the summer and winter season is high, with July and August being the hottest months (34.2 – 35.3 oC) and January and February the coldest (-15o – -18.3 oC). The annual mean temperature in the basin is 11o C and the long-term mean annual precipitation is 363 mm.
Sultan Marshes Nature Conservation Area covers 17 200 hectares. The Sultan Marshes wetland complex is formed by Yay Lake (3650 ha), which is brackish (Ph 6.8-7.0 and salinity 12 mg/lt); Çöl Lake (2600 ha), which is saline (Ph 8.3 and salinity 80 mg/lt); Örtülüakar Marsh (3300 ha); and now largely drained Kepir Marsh (1900 ha) to the North. The marshes and lakes are surrounded by wet meadows and salt steppes. These wetlands were all interconnected and formed a whole previous to drainage and irrigation projects. Örtülüakar and Kepir Marshes would fill in and spill into Yay Lake (40-150 cm depth) bringing essential nutrients that made Yay Lake an important feeding area for Flamingos (up to 90.000 individuals) and other wildlife. Yay Lake once full would spill into Col Lake (0-50 cm depth)
A large part of these freshwater marshes is covered with reeds, and reed communities are encountered growing on the lake floor and floating on its surface as well. Among these extensive beds of reeds and cattails, several small ponds of still water of one hectare or less can be seen. Several species of the underwater plants known as Myrophyllum, a favourite food of ducks, are found in these areas of open water. Such species as Carex, Typha, Juncus and Scirpus are encountered in the north section of Sultan Marsh and Sazdamları marsh north of Lake Yay. Such salt-resistant species as Salicornia are found in the barren areas surrounding the marshes and the lake, while steppe vegetation such as Depioioum, Limmonium, Astragallus and Cynodon are found in the less salty areas.
Sultan Marsh is one of the largest and most important wetlands in Turkey as well as in the Middle East and Europe. The number of species of birds, both predators and warblers, that visit, winter or breed in this area and its environs, where fresh and saltwater ecosystems are found side by side, is around 250, with extremely high number of certain bird communities during the migration season. Population of Flamingo reach 50.000, Shelduck 10.000 and ducks of various species 600.000. Another salient feature of the area is its importance as the southernmost breeding ground in the Western Palaearctic Region for several species of birds. Pintail Duck, Teal, Tufted Duck and Blackheaded Gull may be cited as examples. The wealth and composition of species, the large populations afforded refuge, the number of varied habitats found side by side and the existing flora and fauna make this a high class a wetland by international standards.
Flamingo, Spoonbill, White Pelican, Glossy Ibis, Grey Heron, Little Egret, Great White Egret, Cattle Egret, Squacco Heron, Night Heron, Great Crested Grebe, Redthroated Diver, Pygmy Cormorant, Little Bittern, Stork, Greyleg Goose, Shelduck, Ruddy Shelduck, Gadwall, Teal Mallard, Pintail Duck, Garganey, Red-crested Pochard, Pochard, Ferruginous Duck, Waterhen, Little Crake, Corn Crake, Moorhen, Coot, Crane, Oyster Catcher, Stilt, Avocet, Stone Curlew, Pratincole, Woodcock, Redshank, Blackheaded Gull, Slender-billed Gull, Gull-billed Tern, Common Tern, Whiskered Tern, Least Tern, White-winged Black Tern and, in the barren areas, Sandgrouse.
Little Grebe, Great Crested Grebe, Red-throated Diver, Black-throated Diver, Cormorant, Pygmy Cormorant, Dalmatian Pelican, Bittern, Great White Egret, Little Egret, Grey Heron, Black Stock, Flamingo, Mute Swan, Greyleg Goose, White-fronted Goose, Shelduck, Ruddy Shelduck, Wigeon, Gadwall, Teal, Mallard, Pintail Duck, Garganey, Shoveler, Marbled Teal, Red-crested Pochard, Pochard, Ferruginous Duck, Tufted Duck, Smew, Stiff-tailed Duck, Coot, Moorhen, Stilt, Avocet, Little Ringed Plover, Ringed Plover, Dotterel, Golden Plover, Grey Plover, Lapwing, Green Plover, Spurwing Plover, Ruff, Godwit, Curlew, Sandpipers, Mediterranean Gull, Little Gull, Lesser Blackbacked Gull and Herring Gull.
MAMMALS
Porcupine
Miller's watershrew
Etruscan shrew
Shrew
Bat
Wolf
Fox
Veasel
Marbled polecat
Wild Boar
Brown Hare
Lesser Molerat
Woodmaouse
Rat
Gray Hamster
Golden Hamster
Desert Rat
Water Vole
Common Vole
Swamp Turtle
Grecian Tortoise
Agemes
Starred Lizard
Cappadocian Lizard
Osphisaps Elegans
Caspian Arrowsnake
Grass snake
Natrix Tesellata
Green Toad
Tree Toad
Fishes
Carps
Cobies
Sailton Pupfish
Hymenoptera
Libellae
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